การวิจัยและพัฒนาข้าวอินทรีย์ในเขตภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ

Abstract

Organic rice farming is for producing high quality rice for consumers who want to consume rice from chemical free paddy land. Agricultural practices should follow the strict organic plants production and milling standard of organic rice. Surin Rice Research Center, Sakon Nakhorn RRC, Udonthani RRC and Ubon Ratchathani RRC conducted three field trials to find the appropriated technology. There are 1) evaluated high yield variety with organic practices and 2) test for produce breeder and foundation seed of 4 varieties grow in NE and 3) soil fertility management. The treatments compare were chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and nature (no fertilizer) and an extra dry-seeded with straw mulching at Surin. Varieties and lines used were Hang Yee 71, Niew Ubon 2, RD6, Jow Daeng, Lueang 11, Khao Dawk Mali 105, IR77954-1-31, UBN96010-PMI-68-2-2-1-2, Mali Dam 53-SRN-C05-6-1(-1), KKNLR84149-SRN-35-1-1-1-2. All these varieties and lines with organic fertilizer are gave as high yield as with chemical fertilizer and higher than nature treatment. Breeder and foundation seed yield with the application of organic fertilizer was as high as chemical fertilizer. Soil fertilizer management or organic fertilizer input to organic paddy field varied from place to place and years depend on the environment and organic materials we have. Generally, Sakon Nakhon RRC used green manure (Sesbania rostrata) and compost but at Surin RRC we also applied farm yard manure in some year. There was no damage of diseases or insect pest in organic, chemical and nature plot. The partial budget, net benefit and marginal rate of return (MRR) of a trial were calculated. The results indicated that green manure gave the highest MRR (309 percent), the application of pillet bio-compost gave the minus MRR (-771 percent) while dry seed broadcast with straw mulching gave 40 percent MRR. The MRR over 50 percent was good for transfer that treatment to farmer.