การเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการผลิตเมล็ดพันธุ์ข้าวโดยใช้เครื่องปักดำ

Abstract

Transplanting machine is very importance in rice seed production, because it’s increasing the efficiency of rice seed production by decreasing former crop rice seed and workers. The purpose of study was researching on seedling medias, seed rates, kinds of nutrient for sprayed on seedling in concrete seed bed nursery, seedling ages, number of seedlings/clump, clump spacing and compare machine transplanting method with other planting methods for increasing yields and quality of rice seed with easy management. The experiments were conducted in Phitsanulok rice research center, Pathumthani rice research center and Chainat rice research center during 2008-2009 and in farmer fields at Phisanulok, Pichit and Chainat during 2010. The results showed that burned hull was convenient for seedling media, because it was easy to find and low cost, but only used in soil seed bed nursery. For concrete seed nursery, mixing of burned hull with soil was better. The optimal seeding rate was 200-250 g dry seed/tray or 250-300 g wet seed/tray, caused to using 42 and 36 seeding trays/rai. by respectively, and reserved 3-4 seedling trays/rai. for missing hill retransplanting. In concrete seed bed nursery, application of 15 g urea and 15 cc silicon solution (Si 20%). mixed in 20 L water need for increasing height and vigor seedling. 18 days seedling for transplanting had appropriate height for transplanting and saved seedling time. For increasing rice production, 10-12 seedlings /clump and 16-21 cm clump spacing gave higher yield than 12 cm. However for rice seed production, 10-12 seedlings/clump and 16 cm clump spacing was better in case of former crop rice seed control. Weedy rice herbicide control with dimethenamid (FrontierR) and oxadiargyl (RaftR) in directed seed broadcasting could control former crop rice seed better than transplanting, but only in dry season with well water level control, because these herbicides had highly toxic to seedling in uncontrolled water level. The best planting method for rice seed production was Parachute. Next below method was transplanting machine because it had little of former crop rice seed and high yield.