การอนุรักษ์ ฟื้นฟู จำแนกและประเมินคุณค่าเชื้อพันธุกรรมถั่วเขียว และถั่วป่าในสกุล Vigna ชุดปี 2552

Abstract

This research is part of the project for conservation and utilization of field crops genetic resources of the Thai Department of Agriculture and the budget is partly supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust of FAO. The project was conducted in 2009-2010 and aimed to conserve, regenerated, characterize and evaluate genetic resources of wild Vigna species. Being viny and indeterminate type, a total of 94 accessions from 19 species were grown in pots at Chai Nat Field Crops Research Center. The data were collected following the descriptors of IBPGR for mungbean. Photos were taken during at each stage of growth for a database management. The results showed that, given the differences in their own genetics, in situ conservation sites, soil type, microclimate and imposed threats, the morphological characteristics and agronomic traits of wild Vigna species varied dramatically. For example, terminal leaflet shapes varied from cuneate to ovate-lanceolate, ovate or deltoid. Petal colour, the typical characteristic of the subgenus Ceratotropis, varied from light to dark yellow. The number of days to first harvest varied between 49 to 122 days (average 77±18 days). For agronomic traits, the number of pod per plant was from 8 to 175 pods (average 62±42 pods). The number of seed per pod varied between 5-14 seeds (average 9±2 seeds/pod). Seed size varied between 5-82 g (average 24±14 g/1000 seeds). Seed weight per plant varied between 0.5-23 g/plant (average 8.7±6.2 g/plant) while the total seed yield was from 0.5-67.8 g (average 26±18.6 g). The morphological characteristics and agronomic traits were then recorded in a database for a sustainable and efficient use in breeding programmes. Some of these wild Vigna genetic resources were also deposited in the Thai genebank for a safety duplication.